3.4.9 With Statement Context Managers

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3.4.9 With Statement Context Managers

New in version 2.5.

A context manager is an object that defines the runtime context to be established when executing a `with` statement. The context manager handles the entry into, and the exit from, the desired runtime context for the execution of the block of code. Context managers are normally invoked using the `with` statement (described in section 7.5), but can also be used by directly invoking their methods.

Typical uses of context managers include saving and restoring various kinds of global state, locking and unlocking resources, closing opened files, etc.

For more information on context managers, see ``Context Types'' in the Python Library Reference.

`__enter__`( | self)

  Enter the runtime context related to this object. The `with` statement will bind this method's return value to the target(s) specified in the `as` clause of the statement, if any.

`__exit__`( | self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback)

  Exit the runtime context related to this object. The parameters describe the exception that caused the context to be exited. If the context was exited without an exception, all three arguments will be `None`.

  If an exception is supplied, and the method wishes to suppress the exception (i.e., prevent it from being propagated), it should return a true value. Otherwise, the exception will be processed normally upon exit from this method.

  Note that `__exit__` methods should not reraise the passed-in exception; this is the caller's responsibility.

See Also:

PEP 0343, The "with" statement
  The specification, background, and examples for the Python `with` statement.